Personal injury compensation ranges in Malaysia

In Malaysia, general damages for personal injury are estimated using the Revised Compendium of Personal Injury Awards published by the Bar Council Malaysia (Circular 255/2018, 16 October 2018) and approved by the Judiciary. Below is the full set of injury heads and their low–high RM ranges, grouped as in the source. Use the quantum calculator to model overlap, severity, and loss of amenities for a specific case.

How to read these ranges

Low reflects a relatively minor presentation of the injury. High reflects complications and the maximum loss of amenities (occupational and lifestyle dependence on the affected function).
Multiple injuries usually involve overlap — the total is not a naive sum of each head.
Brain injury rule: when multiple neurological disabilities arise from one brain injury, the source directs a single global award rather than a sum across heads.
Leg cap rule: no leg award should exceed an above-knee amputation (RM 90,000 single leg) except in exceptional circumstances.
The Compendium is a guideline, not binding precedent. Judges and counsel may submit above or below where case law and facts justify.

Skull

3 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Skull page →

Injury	Range
Skull fracture (parietal / temporal / frontal / occipital / sphenoid / base of skull)	RM12,000 – RM18,000
Skull fracture requiring cranioplasty Already a higher band — surgical replacement of skull bone with synthetic material.	RM18,000 – RM30,000
Mastoid and/or styloid processes fracture	RM9,000 – RM14,000

Facial Bones

6 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Facial Bones page →

Injury	Range
Mandible fracture Bilateral fractures or reconstructive surgery push toward the top of the range.	RM14,500 – RM30,000
Maxilla / Le Fort I, II, or III Le Fort II/III and reconstructive surgery push toward high; Le Fort I is closer to the low end.	RM14,500 – RM30,000
Zygoma fracture	RM9,000 – RM12,000
Orbit fracture	RM7,000 – RM9,500
Alveolus fracture	RM7,000 – RM9,500
Nasal bone fracture	RM7,000 – RM12,000

Teeth

5 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Teeth page →

Injury	Range
Broken / fractured tooth	RM2,500 – RM3,000
Loss of one tooth	RM3,000 – RM3,500
Loss of 1 – 5 teeth Front teeth (cosmetic) and more teeth = aggravated award due to reduced chewing/digestion.	RM3,000 – RM12,000
Loss of 5 – 10 teeth More teeth lost in this band, plus impact on diet/digestion, push toward high.	RM12,000 – RM21,500
Loss of 10 – 20 teeth Major loss of mastication function — typically near the top of the band.	RM21,500 – RM36,000

Clavicle / Shoulder

3 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Clavicle / Shoulder page →

Injury	Range
Scapula fracture	RM12,000 – RM21,500
Clavicle fracture Higher when arm-overhead motion is critical to the claimant or shortening is significant.	RM13,000 – RM28,000
Dislocation of acromio-clavicular joint	RM12,000 – RM21,500

Arm

8 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Arm page →

Injury	Range
Humerus fracture Dominant arm and fine-motor occupations (surgeon, musician) push toward high.	RM12,000 – RM27,500
Olecranon fracture Restricted elbow movement post-healing pushes toward high.	RM12,000 – RM30,000
Radius fracture Wrist movement restriction or dominant-arm injury pushes toward high.	RM12,000 – RM30,000
Ulna fracture Wrist movement restriction or dominant-arm injury pushes toward high.	RM9,500 – RM27,500
Radius and ulna fracture Both bones broken — typically requires internal fixation with plates/screws.	RM21,500 – RM36,000
Carpal (scaphoid / lunate / pisiform)	RM5,000 – RM8,500
Metacarpal (hand)	RM4,000 – RM6,000
Phalange (finger) Stiff or bent residual on the dominant hand is materially worse — push toward high.	RM4,000 – RM14,500

Arm Amputation

12 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Arm Amputation page →

Injury	Range
Amputation of any 1 finger at proximal phalange	RM12,000 – RM18,500
Amputation of any 1 finger at distal phalange	RM9,500 – RM12,000
Amputation of middle and ring fingers at proximal phalange	RM21,500 – RM24,000
Amputation of middle and ring fingers at distal phalanges	RM14,500 – RM17,000
Amputation of 3 – 4 fingers	RM24,000 – RM36,000
Amputation of thumb at proximal phalange	RM18,000 – RM24,000
Amputation of thumb at distal phalange	RM14,500 – RM18,000
Amputation of all fingers and thumb	RM36,000 – RM55,000
Amputation of whole hand at wrist joint	RM41,500 – RM60,000
Amputation through elbow joint	RM55,000 – RM60,000
Amputation at mid upper arm level	RM71,500 – RM84,000
Amputation at shoulder Highest band — prosthesis fitting is very difficult without an elbow joint to anchor it.	RM90,000 – RM95,000

Rib Cage

2 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Rib Cage page →

Injury	Range
Per rib (multiply by number of fractured ribs) If a rib has punctured a lung, also add a separate Lungs entry — they are distinct heads.	RM4,000 – RM5,000
Sternum fracture	RM9,500 – RM12,000

Pelvis

9 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Pelvis page →

Injury	Range
Iliac crescent	RM9,500 – RM14,500
Sacro-iliac joint	RM9,500 – RM12,000
Superior or inferior pubic rami	RM14,500 – RM21,500
Diastasis symphysis pubis Pelvic tilt affecting gait or impaired child-bearing in a female pushes toward high.	RM12,000 – RM24,000
Bilateral fractures of iliac / pubic rami	RM18,000 – RM30,000
Sacrum fracture	RM12,000 – RM14,500
Acetabulum fracture	RM24,000 – RM35,500
Multiple hip fractures with hip disabilities Severity of residual hip disability and gait impact drives position within band.	RM43,000 – RM72,500
Hip dislocation with disabilities (minor – major)	RM15,000 – RM40,000

Leg

15 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Leg page →

Injury	Range
Femur (simple fracture / shortening) Residual shortening or restricted hip/knee movement after fixation pushes toward high.	RM21,500 – RM48,500
Patella fracture	RM14,500 – RM18,500
Knee ligaments (anterior / posterior cruciate) Residual instability (esp. PCL/LCL) is high-impact — don't undervalue. Pushes toward high.	RM18,000 – RM30,000
Tibia (simple fracture)	RM18,000 – RM30,000
Fibula fracture	RM12,000 – RM14,500
Tibia and fibula	RM21,500 – RM42,000
Femur (with shortening)	RM36,000 – RM60,000
Tibia and fibula (with shortening)	RM36,000 – RM60,000
Femur / tibia and fibula (with shortening)	RM36,000 – RM60,000
Medial / lateral malleoli	RM14,500 – RM26,500
Tarsal (navicular, cuneiform, cuboid)	RM9,500 – RM14,500
Metatarsal	RM7,000 – RM12,000
Phalange (toe)	RM4,000 – RM7,000
Calcaneum	RM12,000 – RM18,000
Loss of heel pad	RM12,000 – RM30,000

Leg Amputation (Single)

10 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Leg Amputation (Single) page →

Injury	Range
Amputation of big toe	RM12,000 – RM14,500
Amputation of little toe	RM7,000 – RM9,500
Amputation of 2 – 4 toes	RM14,500 – RM30,000
Amputation of all toes	RM21,500 – RM36,500
Amputation of foot	RM30,000 – RM48,500
Amputation at ankle	RM55,000 – RM60,500
Amputation below knee	RM66,500 – RM79,000
Amputation through knee	RM79,000 – RM84,000
Amputation above knee	RM84,000 – RM90,000
Amputation at hip	RM120,000 – RM145,000

Leg Amputation (Both)

5 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Leg Amputation (Both) page →

Injury	Range
Amputation of both legs at ankle	RM110,000 – RM120,000
Amputation of both legs below knee	RM130,000 – RM142,000
Amputation of both legs through knee	RM150,000 – RM165,000
Amputation of both legs above knee	RM175,000 – RM195,000
Amputation of both legs at hip	RM255,000 – RM310,000

Spinal / Nerve

8 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Spinal / Nerve page →

Injury	Range
Simple fracture of vertebral body (wedge / compression)	RM14,500 – RM18,000
Fractures of 2 – 5 vertebrae	RM22,000 – RM42,000
Vertebral fracture causing restricted movement of neck or back	RM22,000 – RM42,000
Vertebral fracture causing quadriplegia Higher cervical (C1–C4) and complete (Grade 0) paralysis sit at the top of the band.	RM300,000 – RM420,000
Vertebral fracture causing paraplegia Higher level of paralysis and complete (vs. incomplete) loss push toward the top of the band.	RM220,000 – RM300,000
Brachial plexus injury to upper limb Severity depends on residual function — complete loss of arm function is at the top.	RM50,000 – RM80,000
Whiplash injury	RM9,000 – RM14,500
Sympathetic dystrophy (single – multiple)	RM3,000 – RM8,000

Brain

8 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Brain page →

Injury	Range
Cerebral concussion / loss of consciousness	RM6,000 and above (open-ended)
Subdural haematoma with burr-hole craniotomy	RM18,000 – RM30,000
Mild personality / behavioural changes Permanent vs. recoverable changes; aggression / social impact drives position within band.	RM24,000 – RM48,500
Memory impairment Severity, permanence, and impact on work/independence drive position within band.	RM24,000 – RM55,000
Intellectual impairment Wide band — degree of impairment, dependence on others, and prior baseline all matter.	RM60,000 – RM180,000
Motor impairment (paralysis on one side of body) / hemiplegia	RM48,000 – RM80,000
Bedridden state with awareness	RM300,000 – RM420,000
Persistent vegetative state (coma)	RM180,000 – RM240,000

Eyes

13 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Eyes page →

Injury	Range
Haematoma in 1 eye	RM3,000 – RM4,000
Haematoma in both eyes	RM3,500 – RM4,500
Loss of peripheral vision	RM12,000 – RM24,000
Diplopia (double vision)	RM12,000 – RM24,000
Traumatic cataract	RM6,000 – RM9,500
20 – 50% loss of vision in 1 eye	RM24,000 – RM36,000
20 – 50% loss of vision in both eyes	RM42,000 – RM85,000
50 – 80% loss of vision in 1 eye Use the specialist's % vision-loss report. Visual occupations (pilot, surgeon) push toward high.	RM30,000 – RM72,000
50 – 80% loss of vision in both eyes	RM60,000 – RM145,000
Blindness in 1 eye	RM84,000 – RM90,000
Blindness in both eyes	RM210,000 – RM220,000
Loss of one eye	RM90,000 – RM100,000
Loss of both eyes	RM220,000 – RM230,000

Ears / Hearing

6 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Ears / Hearing page →

Injury	Range
Ear ripped off	RM6,000 – RM18,000
Tinnitus Constant tinnitus is more disabling than intermittent — push toward high.	RM12,000 – RM24,000
Partial loss of hearing in 1 ear	RM12,000 – RM30,000
Partial loss of hearing in both ears	RM36,000 – RM55,000
Complete loss of hearing in 1 ear	RM42,000 – RM48,500
Complete loss of hearing in both ears	RM110,000 – RM120,000

Smell / Taste

4 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Smell / Taste page →

Injury	Range
Complete loss of sense of smell	RM42,000 – RM48,500
Complete loss of sense of taste	RM42,000 – RM48,500
Partial loss of sense of smell	RM12,000 – RM36,500
Partial loss of sense of taste	RM12,000 – RM36,500

Voice Box

3 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Voice Box page →

Injury	Range
Hoarseness	RM12,000 – RM30,000
Whisper	RM24,000 – RM42,000
Loss of voice Voice-dependent occupation (singer, teacher, presenter) attracts the top of the band.	RM96,500 – RM145,000

Lungs

3 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Lungs page →

Injury	Range
Collapse of lung (puncture) Surgical re-inflation/repair pushes toward high; conservative treatment near low.	RM6,000 – RM7,500
Diaphragm damage	RM18,000 – RM22,000
Haemopneumothorax	RM6,000 – RM7,500

Abdomen

10 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Abdomen page →

Injury	Range
Laparotomy	RM9,500 – RM12,000
Removal of spleen	RM12,000 – RM14,500
Removal of one kidney	RM36,000 – RM42,000
Removal of both kidneys Lifelong dialysis dependency — typically at the top of the band.	RM120,000 – RM145,000
Removal of part of liver	RM18,000 – RM30,000
Removal of portion of small intestine	RM18,000 – RM48,500
Removal of portion of colon Permanent colostomy bag is a major loss-of-amenity factor — push toward high.	RM24,000 – RM48,500
Bladder rupture	RM18,000 – RM24,000
Rupture of ureter / urethra	RM12,000 – RM18,000
Liver laceration	RM12,000 – RM18,000

Sexual Organs

7 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Sexual Organs page →

Injury	Range
Erectile dysfunction Younger claimants and complete (vs. partial) dysfunction push toward the top of the band.	RM24,000 – RM60,000
Loss of one testicle	RM18,000 – RM30,000
Loss of both testicles / complete impotency	RM71,500 – RM97,000
Laceration of scrotum / perineum	RM7,000 – RM9,500
Amputation of penis	RM71,500 – RM97,000
Loss of one ovary Younger / child-bearing-age claimants attract higher quantum.	RM18,000 – RM48,500
Loss of both ovaries	RM71,500 – RM97,000

External

17 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View External page →

Injury	Range
Degloving injury to leg	RM12,000 – RM24,000
Degloving injury to arm	RM14,500 – RM30,000
Lacerations (single to multiple)	RM2,500 – RM9,500
Abrasions (single to multiple)	RM1,300 – RM5,000
Minor scarring to leg	RM1,300 – RM3,300
Minor scarring to arm	RM2,200 – RM3,850
Extensive scarring to leg	RM9,500 – RM18,000
Extensive scarring to arm	RM12,000 – RM24,000
Facial scarring Highly visible scarring + keloid propensity + visual occupation (model, presenter) → top of band.	RM6,000 – RM36,500
Operation scars	RM2,750 – RM12,000
Haematoma / contusion	RM1,200 – RM2,500
Skin grafting	RM12,000 – RM30,000
Lip laceration	RM1,000 – RM3,000
Avulsion of fingernails (1 – 2)	RM1,500 – RM2,000
Avulsion of fingernails (3 – 5)	RM3,000 – RM5,000
Avulsion of toenails (1 – 2)	RM1,000 – RM2,000
Avulsion of toenails (3 – 5)	RM3,000 – RM5,000

Miscellaneous

12 injury heads — ranges in Malaysian Ringgit (RM). View Miscellaneous page →

Injury	Range
Osteoarthritis	RM5,000 and above (open-ended)
Osteomyelitis	RM3,000 – RM8,000
Soft tissue injury	RM3,000 – RM5,000
Muscle wasting	RM3,000 – RM5,000
Fat embolism syndrome	RM5,000 and above (open-ended)
Depression (mild – major) Major depressive disorder with treatment requirement and functional impact pushes toward high.	RM5,000 – RM25,000
Post-traumatic stress disorder	RM15,000 and above (open-ended)
Retrograde amnesia	RM1,000 – RM3,000
Tendon / muscle cut	RM8,000 – RM10,000
Burn injury up to 30% TBSA Degree of burn (1st/2nd/3rd) and TBSA % within band drive position.	RM3,000 – RM45,000
Burn injury up to 60% TBSA	RM45,000 – RM100,000
Burn injury up to 90% TBSA	RM100,000 – RM200,000